Flow Through Orifices.
Orifice Discharge into Free AirAn orifice is an opening with a closed perimeter through which water flows. Orifices may have any shape, although they are usually round, square, or rectangular.
Discharge through a sharp-edged orifice may be calculated from:
Q = Ca?2gh
where
Q= discharge, ft3/s (m3/s)
C =coefficient of discharge
a =area of orifice, ft2 (m2)
g =acceleration due to gravity, ft/s2 (m/s2)
h =head on horizontal center line of orifice, ft (m)
The coefficient of discharge C is the product of the coef- ficient of velocity Cv and the coefficient of contraction Cc. The coefficient of velocity is the ratio obtained by dividing the actual velocity at the vena contracta (contraction of the jet discharged) by the theoretical velocity. The theoretical velocity may be calculated by writing Bernoulli’s equation for points 1 and 2.Thus
V2= ?2gh
The coefficient of contraction Cc is the ratio of the smallest area of the jet, the vena contracta, to the area of the orifice.
Submerged Orifices
Flow through a submerged orifice may be computed by applying Bernoulli’s equation to points 1 and 2 in figure below
Values of C for submerged orifices do not differ greatly from those for nonsubmerged orifices.
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